MozartV1, PascalFrancis, Corpus, bibRecord, 000239

Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors

Identifieur interne : 000239 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 000238; suivant : 000240

Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors

Auteurs : L. K. Emmons ; D. A. Hauglustaine ; J.-F. Müller ; M. A. Carroll ; G. P. Brasseur ; D. Brunner ; J. Staehelin ; V. Thouret ; A. Marenco

Source :

Journal of geophysical research [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2000.

RBID : Pascal:00-0447622

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Troposphère, Ozone, Précurseur, Observation par avion, Echelle planétaire, Distribution planétaire, Climatologie, Répartition altitudinale, Carbone monoxyde, Azote monoxyde, Azote oxyde, Nitrique acide, Formaldéhyde, Acétone, Ethane, Propane, Peracétique acide nitrate, Hydrogène peroxyde.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Acetone, Aircraft observation, Altitudinal distribution, Carbon monoxide, Climatology, Ethane, Formaldehyde, Hydrogen peroxide, Nitric acid, Nitric oxide, Nitrogen oxide, Ozone, Peroxyacetyl nitrate, Planetary distribution, Planetary scale, Precursor, Propane, Troposphere.

Abstract

Tropospheric data from a number of aircraft campaigns have been gridded onto global maps, forming "data composites" of chemical species important in ozone photochemistry. Although these are not climatologies in the sense of a long temporal average, these data summaries are useful for providing a picture of the global distributions of these species and are a start to creating observations-based climatologies. Using aircraft measurements from a number of campaigns, we have averaged observations of O₃, CO, NO, NO_x, HNO₃, PAN, H₂O₂, CH₃OOH, HCHO, CH₃COCH₃, C₂H₆, and C₃H₈ onto a 5° latitude by 5° longitude horizontal grid with a 1-km vertical resolution. These maps provide information about the distributions at various altitudes, but also clearly show that direct observations of the global troposphere are still very limited. A set of regions with 10°-20° horizontal extent has also been chosen wherein there is sufficient data to study vertical profiles. These profiles are particularly valuable for comparison with model results, especially when a full suite of chemical species can be compared simultaneously. The O₃ and NO climatologies generated from measurements obtained during commercial aircraft flights associated with the MOZAIC and NOXAR programs are incorporated with the data composites at 10-11 km. As an example of the utility of these data composites, observations are compared to results from two global chemical transport models, MOZART and IMAGES, to help identify incorrect emission sources, incorrect strength of convection, and missing chemistry in the models. These comparisons suggest that in MOZART the NO_x biomass burning emissions may be too low and convection too weak and that the transport of ozone from the stratosphere in IMAGES is too great. The ozone profiles from the data composites are compared with ozonesonde climatologies and show that in some cases the aircraft data agree with the long-term averages, but in others, such as in the western Pacific during PEM-Tropics-A, agreement is lacking. Finally, the data composites provide temporal and spatial information, which can help identify the locations and seasons where new measurements would be most valuable. All of the data composites presented here are available via the Internet (http://aoss.engin.umich.edu/SASSarchive/).

Notice en format standard (ISO 2709)

Pour connaître la documentation sur le format Inist Standard.

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A14	`03`			`@1 Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy @2 Brussels @3 BEL @Z 3 aut.`
A14	`04`			`@1 Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan @2 Ann Arbor @3 USA @Z 4 aut.`
A14	`05`			`@1 Max Planck Institute for Meteorology @2 Hamburg @3 DEU @Z 5 aut.`
A14	`06`			`@1 Institute for Atmospheric Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule @2 Zurich @3 CHE @Z 6 aut. @Z 7 aut.`
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C01	`01`		`ENG`	@0 Tropospheric data from a number of aircraft campaigns have been gridded onto global maps, forming "data composites" of chemical species important in ozone photochemistry. Although these are not climatologies in the sense of a long temporal average, these data summaries are useful for providing a picture of the global distributions of these species and are a start to creating observations-based climatologies. Using aircraft measurements from a number of campaigns, we have averaged observations of O₃, CO, NO, NO_x, HNO₃, PAN, H₂O₂, CH₃OOH, HCHO, CH₃COCH₃, C₂H₆, and C₃H₈ onto a 5° latitude by 5° longitude horizontal grid with a 1-km vertical resolution. These maps provide information about the distributions at various altitudes, but also clearly show that direct observations of the global troposphere are still very limited. A set of regions with 10°-20° horizontal extent has also been chosen wherein there is sufficient data to study vertical profiles. These profiles are particularly valuable for comparison with model results, especially when a full suite of chemical species can be compared simultaneously. The O₃ and NO climatologies generated from measurements obtained during commercial aircraft flights associated with the MOZAIC and NOXAR programs are incorporated with the data composites at 10-11 km. As an example of the utility of these data composites, observations are compared to results from two global chemical transport models, MOZART and IMAGES, to help identify incorrect emission sources, incorrect strength of convection, and missing chemistry in the models. These comparisons suggest that in MOZART the NO_x biomass burning emissions may be too low and convection too weak and that the transport of ozone from the stratosphere in IMAGES is too great. The ozone profiles from the data composites are compared with ozonesonde climatologies and show that in some cases the aircraft data agree with the long-term averages, but in others, such as in the western Pacific during PEM-Tropics-A, agreement is lacking. Finally, the data composites provide temporal and spatial information, which can help identify the locations and seasons where new measurements would be most valuable. All of the data composites presented here are available via the Internet (http://aoss.engin.umich.edu/SASSarchive/).
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C03	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Troposfera @5 26`
C03	`02`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Ozone @2 NK @2 FX @5 27`
C03	`02`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Ozone @2 NK @2 FX @5 27`
C03	`02`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Ozono @2 NK @2 FX @5 27`
C03	`03`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Précurseur @5 28`
C03	`03`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Precursor @5 28`
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C03	`04`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Aircraft observation @5 29`
C03	`04`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Observación por avión @5 29`
C03	`05`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Echelle planétaire @5 30`
C03	`05`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Planetary scale @5 30`
C03	`05`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Escala planetaria @5 30`
C03	`06`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Distribution planétaire @5 31`
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C03	`06`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Distribución planetaria @5 31`
C03	`07`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Climatologie @5 32`
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C03	`08`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Distribución de altitud @5 33`
C03	`09`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Carbone monoxyde @2 NK @2 FX @5 35`
C03	`09`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Carbon monoxide @2 NK @2 FX @5 35`
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C03	`12`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Nitrique acide @2 NK @5 38`
C03	`12`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Nitric acid @2 NK @5 38`
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C03	`13`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Formaldéhyde @2 NK @2 FX @5 40`
C03	`13`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Formaldehyde @2 NK @2 FX @5 40`
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C03	`14`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Acetone @2 NK @2 FX @5 41`
C03	`14`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Acetona @2 NK @2 FX @5 41`
C03	`15`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Ethane @2 NK @5 42`
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C03	`15`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Etano @2 NK @5 42`
C03	`16`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Propane @2 NK @2 FX @5 43`
C03	`16`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Propane @2 NK @2 FX @5 43`
C03	`16`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Propano @2 NK @2 FX @5 43`
C03	`17`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Peracétique acide nitrate @2 NK @5 84`
C03	`17`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Peroxyacetyl nitrate @2 NK @5 84`
C03	`18`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Hydrogène peroxyde @2 NK @5 85`
C03	`18`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Hydrogen peroxide @2 NK @5 85`
N21				`@1 297`

Format Inist (serveur)

NO :	PASCAL 00-0447622 INIST
ET :	Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors
AU :	EMMONS (L. K.); HAUGLUSTAINE (D. A.); MÜLLER (J.-F.); CARROLL (M. A.); BRASSEUR (G. P.); BRUNNER (D.); STAEHELIN (J.); THOURET (V.); MARENCO (A.)
AF :	Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research/Boulder Colorado/Etats-Unis (1 aut., 5 aut.); Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS/Paris/France (2 aut.); Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy/Brussels/Belgique (3 aut.); Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan/Ann Arbor/Etats-Unis (4 aut.); Max Planck Institute for Meteorology/Hamburg/Allemagne (5 aut.); Institute for Atmospheric Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule/Zurich/Suisse (6 aut., 7 aut.); Laboratoire d'Aérologie du CNRS/Toulouse/France (8 aut., 9 aut.)
DT :	Publication en série; Niveau analytique
SO :	Journal of geophysical research; ISSN 0148-0227; Etats-Unis; Da. 2000; Vol. 105; No. D16; Pp. 20497-20538; Bibl. 4 p.1/4
LA :	Anglais
EA :	Tropospheric data from a number of aircraft campaigns have been gridded onto global maps, forming "data composites" of chemical species important in ozone photochemistry. Although these are not climatologies in the sense of a long temporal average, these data summaries are useful for providing a picture of the global distributions of these species and are a start to creating observations-based climatologies. Using aircraft measurements from a number of campaigns, we have averaged observations of O₃, CO, NO, NO_x, HNO₃, PAN, H₂O₂, CH₃OOH, HCHO, CH₃COCH₃, C₂H₆, and C₃H₈ onto a 5° latitude by 5° longitude horizontal grid with a 1-km vertical resolution. These maps provide information about the distributions at various altitudes, but also clearly show that direct observations of the global troposphere are still very limited. A set of regions with 10°-20° horizontal extent has also been chosen wherein there is sufficient data to study vertical profiles. These profiles are particularly valuable for comparison with model results, especially when a full suite of chemical species can be compared simultaneously. The O₃ and NO climatologies generated from measurements obtained during commercial aircraft flights associated with the MOZAIC and NOXAR programs are incorporated with the data composites at 10-11 km. As an example of the utility of these data composites, observations are compared to results from two global chemical transport models, MOZART and IMAGES, to help identify incorrect emission sources, incorrect strength of convection, and missing chemistry in the models. These comparisons suggest that in MOZART the NO_x biomass burning emissions may be too low and convection too weak and that the transport of ozone from the stratosphere in IMAGES is too great. The ozone profiles from the data composites are compared with ozonesonde climatologies and show that in some cases the aircraft data agree with the long-term averages, but in others, such as in the western Pacific during PEM-Tropics-A, agreement is lacking. Finally, the data composites provide temporal and spatial information, which can help identify the locations and seasons where new measurements would be most valuable. All of the data composites presented here are available via the Internet (http://aoss.engin.umich.edu/SASSarchive/).
CC :	001E02D04
FD :	Troposphère; Ozone; Précurseur; Observation par avion; Echelle planétaire; Distribution planétaire; Climatologie; Répartition altitudinale; Carbone monoxyde; Azote monoxyde; Azote oxyde; Nitrique acide; Formaldéhyde; Acétone; Ethane; Propane; Peracétique acide nitrate; Hydrogène peroxyde
ED :	Troposphere; Ozone; Precursor; Aircraft observation; Planetary scale; Planetary distribution; Climatology; Altitudinal distribution; Carbon monoxide; Nitric oxide; Nitrogen oxide; Nitric acid; Formaldehyde; Acetone; Ethane; Propane; Peroxyacetyl nitrate; Hydrogen peroxide
SD :	Troposfera; Ozono; Precursor; Observación por avión; Escala planetaria; Distribución planetaria; Climatología; Distribución de altitud; Carbono monóxido; Nitrógeno monóxido; Nitrógeno óxido; Nítrico ácido; Formaldehído; Acetona; Etano; Propano
LO :	INIST-3144.354000091305280050
ID :	00-0447622

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Pascal:00-0447622

Le document en format XML

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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors</title>
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<author><name sortKey="Brunner, D" sort="Brunner, D" uniqKey="Brunner D" first="D." last="Brunner">D. Brunner</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Thouret, V" sort="Thouret, V" uniqKey="Thouret V" first="V." last="Thouret">V. Thouret</name>
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</inist:fA14>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marenco, A" sort="Marenco, A" uniqKey="Marenco A" first="A." last="Marenco">A. Marenco</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Laboratoire d'Aérologie du CNRS</s1>
<s2>Toulouse</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of geophysical research</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. geophys. res.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno>
<imprint><date when="2000">2000</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of geophysical research</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. geophys. res.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Acetone</term>
<term>Aircraft observation</term>
<term>Altitudinal distribution</term>
<term>Carbon monoxide</term>
<term>Climatology</term>
<term>Ethane</term>
<term>Formaldehyde</term>
<term>Hydrogen peroxide</term>
<term>Nitric acid</term>
<term>Nitric oxide</term>
<term>Nitrogen oxide</term>
<term>Ozone</term>
<term>Peroxyacetyl nitrate</term>
<term>Planetary distribution</term>
<term>Planetary scale</term>
<term>Precursor</term>
<term>Propane</term>
<term>Troposphere</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Troposphère</term>
<term>Ozone</term>
<term>Précurseur</term>
<term>Observation par avion</term>
<term>Echelle planétaire</term>
<term>Distribution planétaire</term>
<term>Climatologie</term>
<term>Répartition altitudinale</term>
<term>Carbone monoxyde</term>
<term>Azote monoxyde</term>
<term>Azote oxyde</term>
<term>Nitrique acide</term>
<term>Formaldéhyde</term>
<term>Acétone</term>
<term>Ethane</term>
<term>Propane</term>
<term>Peracétique acide nitrate</term>
<term>Hydrogène peroxyde</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Tropospheric data from a number of aircraft campaigns have been gridded onto global maps, forming "data composites" of chemical species important in ozone photochemistry. Although these are not climatologies in the sense of a long temporal average, these data summaries are useful for providing a picture of the global distributions of these species and are a start to creating observations-based climatologies. Using aircraft measurements from a number of campaigns, we have averaged observations of O<sub>3</sub>
, CO, NO, NO<sub>x</sub>
, HNO<sub>3</sub>
, PAN, H<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>2</sub>
, CH<sub>3</sub>
OOH, HCHO, CH<sub>3</sub>
COCH<sub>3</sub>
, C<sub>2</sub>
H<sub>6</sub>
, and C<sub>3</sub>
H<sub>8</sub>
 onto a 5° latitude by 5° longitude horizontal grid with a 1-km vertical resolution. These maps provide information about the distributions at various altitudes, but also clearly show that direct observations of the global troposphere are still very limited. A set of regions with 10°-20° horizontal extent has also been chosen wherein there is sufficient data to study vertical profiles. These profiles are particularly valuable for comparison with model results, especially when a full suite of chemical species can be compared simultaneously. The O<sub>3</sub>
 and NO climatologies generated from measurements obtained during commercial aircraft flights associated with the MOZAIC and NOXAR programs are incorporated with the data composites at 10-11 km. As an example of the utility of these data composites, observations are compared to results from two global chemical transport models, MOZART and IMAGES, to help identify incorrect emission sources, incorrect strength of convection, and missing chemistry in the models. These comparisons suggest that in MOZART the NO<sub>x</sub>
 biomass burning emissions may be too low and convection too weak and that the transport of ozone from the stratosphere in IMAGES is too great. The ozone profiles from the data composites are compared with ozonesonde climatologies and show that in some cases the aircraft data agree with the long-term averages, but in others, such as in the western Pacific during PEM-Tropics-A, agreement is lacking. Finally, the data composites provide temporal and spatial information, which can help identify the locations and seasons where new measurements would be most valuable. All of the data composites presented here are available via the Internet (http://aoss.engin.umich.edu/SASSarchive/).</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors</s1>
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<fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>EMMONS (L. K.)</s1>
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<fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>HAUGLUSTAINE (D. A.)</s1>
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<fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>MÜLLER (J.-F.)</s1>
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<fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>CARROLL (M. A.)</s1>
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<fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>BRASSEUR (G. P.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>BRUNNER (D.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>STAEHELIN (J.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>THOURET (V.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>MARENCO (A.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA14 i1="01"><s1>Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research</s1>
<s2>Boulder Colorado</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="02"><s1>Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS</s1>
<s2>Paris</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="03"><s1>Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy</s1>
<s2>Brussels</s2>
<s3>BEL</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan</s1>
<s2>Ann Arbor</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="05"><s1>Max Planck Institute for Meteorology</s1>
<s2>Hamburg</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="06"><s1>Institute for Atmospheric Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule</s1>
<s2>Zurich</s2>
<s3>CHE</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="07"><s1>Laboratoire d'Aérologie du CNRS</s1>
<s2>Toulouse</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
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<fA20><s1>20497-20538</s1>
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<s5>354000091305280050</s5>
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<fA44><s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2000 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
</fA44>
<fA45><s0>4 p.1/4</s0>
</fA45>
<fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>00-0447622</s0>
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<fA60><s1>P</s1>
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<fA61><s0>A</s0>
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<fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Journal of geophysical research</s0>
</fA64>
<fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0>
</fA66>
<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Tropospheric data from a number of aircraft campaigns have been gridded onto global maps, forming "data composites" of chemical species important in ozone photochemistry. Although these are not climatologies in the sense of a long temporal average, these data summaries are useful for providing a picture of the global distributions of these species and are a start to creating observations-based climatologies. Using aircraft measurements from a number of campaigns, we have averaged observations of O<sub>3</sub>
, CO, NO, NO<sub>x</sub>
, HNO<sub>3</sub>
, PAN, H<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>2</sub>
, CH<sub>3</sub>
OOH, HCHO, CH<sub>3</sub>
COCH<sub>3</sub>
, C<sub>2</sub>
H<sub>6</sub>
, and C<sub>3</sub>
H<sub>8</sub>
 onto a 5° latitude by 5° longitude horizontal grid with a 1-km vertical resolution. These maps provide information about the distributions at various altitudes, but also clearly show that direct observations of the global troposphere are still very limited. A set of regions with 10°-20° horizontal extent has also been chosen wherein there is sufficient data to study vertical profiles. These profiles are particularly valuable for comparison with model results, especially when a full suite of chemical species can be compared simultaneously. The O<sub>3</sub>
 and NO climatologies generated from measurements obtained during commercial aircraft flights associated with the MOZAIC and NOXAR programs are incorporated with the data composites at 10-11 km. As an example of the utility of these data composites, observations are compared to results from two global chemical transport models, MOZART and IMAGES, to help identify incorrect emission sources, incorrect strength of convection, and missing chemistry in the models. These comparisons suggest that in MOZART the NO<sub>x</sub>
 biomass burning emissions may be too low and convection too weak and that the transport of ozone from the stratosphere in IMAGES is too great. The ozone profiles from the data composites are compared with ozonesonde climatologies and show that in some cases the aircraft data agree with the long-term averages, but in others, such as in the western Pacific during PEM-Tropics-A, agreement is lacking. Finally, the data composites provide temporal and spatial information, which can help identify the locations and seasons where new measurements would be most valuable. All of the data composites presented here are available via the Internet (http://aoss.engin.umich.edu/SASSarchive/).</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>001E02D04</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Troposphère</s0>
<s5>26</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Troposphere</s0>
<s5>26</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Troposfera</s0>
<s5>26</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ozone</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>27</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ozone</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>27</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ozono</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>27</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Précurseur</s0>
<s5>28</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Precursor</s0>
<s5>28</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Precursor</s0>
<s5>28</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Observation par avion</s0>
<s5>29</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Aircraft observation</s0>
<s5>29</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Observación por avión</s0>
<s5>29</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Echelle planétaire</s0>
<s5>30</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Planetary scale</s0>
<s5>30</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Escala planetaria</s0>
<s5>30</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Distribution planétaire</s0>
<s5>31</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Planetary distribution</s0>
<s5>31</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Distribución planetaria</s0>
<s5>31</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Climatologie</s0>
<s5>32</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Climatology</s0>
<s5>32</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Climatología</s0>
<s5>32</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Répartition altitudinale</s0>
<s5>33</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Altitudinal distribution</s0>
<s5>33</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Distribución de altitud</s0>
<s5>33</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Carbone monoxyde</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Carbon monoxide</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Carbono monóxido</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Azote monoxyde</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>36</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nitric oxide</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>36</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nitrógeno monóxido</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>36</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Azote oxyde</s0>
<s5>37</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nitrogen oxide</s0>
<s5>37</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nitrógeno óxido</s0>
<s5>37</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Nitrique acide</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>38</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nitric acid</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>38</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nítrico ácido</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>38</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Formaldéhyde</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>40</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Formaldehyde</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>40</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Formaldehído</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>40</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Acétone</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Acetone</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Acetona</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ethane</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>42</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ethane</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>42</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Etano</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>42</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Propane</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>43</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Propane</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>43</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Propano</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>43</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Peracétique acide nitrate</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>84</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Peroxyacetyl nitrate</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>84</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Hydrogène peroxyde</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>85</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Hydrogen peroxide</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>85</s5>
</fC03>
<fN21><s1>297</s1>
</fN21>
</pA>
</standard>
<server><NO>PASCAL 00-0447622 INIST</NO>
<ET>Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors</ET>
<AU>EMMONS (L. K.); HAUGLUSTAINE (D. A.); MÜLLER (J.-F.); CARROLL (M. A.); BRASSEUR (G. P.); BRUNNER (D.); STAEHELIN (J.); THOURET (V.); MARENCO (A.)</AU>
<AF>Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research/Boulder Colorado/Etats-Unis (1 aut., 5 aut.); Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS/Paris/France (2 aut.); Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy/Brussels/Belgique (3 aut.); Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan/Ann Arbor/Etats-Unis (4 aut.); Max Planck Institute for Meteorology/Hamburg/Allemagne (5 aut.); Institute for Atmospheric Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule/Zurich/Suisse (6 aut., 7 aut.); Laboratoire d'Aérologie du CNRS/Toulouse/France (8 aut., 9 aut.)</AF>
<DT>Publication en série; Niveau analytique</DT>
<SO>Journal of geophysical research; ISSN 0148-0227; Etats-Unis; Da. 2000; Vol. 105; No. D16; Pp. 20497-20538; Bibl. 4 p.1/4</SO>
<LA>Anglais</LA>
<EA>Tropospheric data from a number of aircraft campaigns have been gridded onto global maps, forming "data composites" of chemical species important in ozone photochemistry. Although these are not climatologies in the sense of a long temporal average, these data summaries are useful for providing a picture of the global distributions of these species and are a start to creating observations-based climatologies. Using aircraft measurements from a number of campaigns, we have averaged observations of O<sub>3</sub>
, CO, NO, NO<sub>x</sub>
, HNO<sub>3</sub>
, PAN, H<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>2</sub>
, CH<sub>3</sub>
OOH, HCHO, CH<sub>3</sub>
COCH<sub>3</sub>
, C<sub>2</sub>
H<sub>6</sub>
, and C<sub>3</sub>
H<sub>8</sub>
 onto a 5° latitude by 5° longitude horizontal grid with a 1-km vertical resolution. These maps provide information about the distributions at various altitudes, but also clearly show that direct observations of the global troposphere are still very limited. A set of regions with 10°-20° horizontal extent has also been chosen wherein there is sufficient data to study vertical profiles. These profiles are particularly valuable for comparison with model results, especially when a full suite of chemical species can be compared simultaneously. The O<sub>3</sub>
 and NO climatologies generated from measurements obtained during commercial aircraft flights associated with the MOZAIC and NOXAR programs are incorporated with the data composites at 10-11 km. As an example of the utility of these data composites, observations are compared to results from two global chemical transport models, MOZART and IMAGES, to help identify incorrect emission sources, incorrect strength of convection, and missing chemistry in the models. These comparisons suggest that in MOZART the NO<sub>x</sub>
 biomass burning emissions may be too low and convection too weak and that the transport of ozone from the stratosphere in IMAGES is too great. The ozone profiles from the data composites are compared with ozonesonde climatologies and show that in some cases the aircraft data agree with the long-term averages, but in others, such as in the western Pacific during PEM-Tropics-A, agreement is lacking. Finally, the data composites provide temporal and spatial information, which can help identify the locations and seasons where new measurements would be most valuable. All of the data composites presented here are available via the Internet (http://aoss.engin.umich.edu/SASSarchive/).</EA>
<CC>001E02D04</CC>
<FD>Troposphère; Ozone; Précurseur; Observation par avion; Echelle planétaire; Distribution planétaire; Climatologie; Répartition altitudinale; Carbone monoxyde; Azote monoxyde; Azote oxyde; Nitrique acide; Formaldéhyde; Acétone; Ethane; Propane; Peracétique acide nitrate; Hydrogène peroxyde</FD>
<ED>Troposphere; Ozone; Precursor; Aircraft observation; Planetary scale; Planetary distribution; Climatology; Altitudinal distribution; Carbon monoxide; Nitric oxide; Nitrogen oxide; Nitric acid; Formaldehyde; Acetone; Ethane; Propane; Peroxyacetyl nitrate; Hydrogen peroxide</ED>
<SD>Troposfera; Ozono; Precursor; Observación por avión; Escala planetaria; Distribución planetaria; Climatología; Distribución de altitud; Carbono monóxido; Nitrógeno monóxido; Nitrógeno óxido; Nítrico ácido; Formaldehído; Acetona; Etano; Propano</SD>
<LO>INIST-3144.354000091305280050</LO>
<ID>00-0447622</ID>
</server>
</inist>
</record>

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   |texte=   Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors
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Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors

Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors

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